Table of Contents
- How to Choose an Aquarium
- Choosing Bottom Sand or Gravel
- Aquatic Plants
- Ideal Location for the Aquarium
- Water Requirements
- How to Acclimate Your Medaka
- Feeding Medaka
- Changing the Water
- Common Medaka Diseases and Treatment
1. How to Choose an Aquarium
Medaka fish are hardy and can thrive in almost any water-tight container, including glass aquariums, gardening planters, and plastic containers. For the best results, aim for one liter of water per Medaka (around four Medakas per US gallon).
- Avoid overcrowding: Overcrowding can lead to slower growth, oxygen deficiency, and water spoilage, making Medakas more susceptible to illness.
- Moderate tank size: A medium-sized tank is ideal, as it allows for easier maintenance and provides enough room for the fish to thrive.
2. Choosing Bottom Sand or Gravel
Adding substrate (sand or gravel) to your aquarium not only enhances the visual appeal but also serves a practical purpose. It provides a home for beneficial bacteria, which help maintain water quality by breaking down toxic ammonia from waste into harmless nitrates.
- Best choice: Rounded sand or gravel with smooth edges, as sharp gravel could injure Medaka if they burrow.
- Purpose: Beneficial bacteria in the substrate play an essential role in stabilizing and purifying the tank water.
3. Aquatic Plants
Aquatic plants are a fantastic addition to a Medaka tank for both aesthetics and functionality. These plants provide hiding spots and spawning sites, produce oxygen, and help maintain water quality through photosynthesis.
- Benefits: In warmer weather, plants offer shade, reducing water temperature.
- Tip: Add as many aquatic plants as possible for both a natural look and a healthy environment for your Medaka.
4. Ideal Location for the Aquarium
When deciding where to place your Medaka aquarium, consider both natural sunlight and artificial lighting.
- Outdoor placement: Sunlight has a natural sterilizing effect, promoting health and reducing the likelihood of illness.
- Indoor placement: If kept indoors, use an aquarium light to compensate for the lack of natural light. Proper lighting helps prevent vitamin D deficiency and keeps your Medaka strong.
5. Water Requirements
While tap water is convenient, it contains chlorine that can be harmful to fish.
- Removing chlorine: Leave tap water outdoors for 24 hours or indoors for 2-3 days before using it in the tank, allowing chlorine to naturally dissipate.
- Immediate use: If you need to use tap water right away, use a commercially available dechlorinator.
6. How to Acclimate Your Medaka
When transferring Medaka to a new tank, acclimation is key to avoid stress.
- Method: Place your Medaka in a small container with their current water, then float it in the new tank for about an hour to equalize temperatures.
- Slow transition: Gradually add small amounts of tank water into the container to help them adjust to the new water quality and temperature.
7. Feeding Medaka
Medaka fish are omnivores and enjoy a diet that includes plankton, daphnia, mosquito larvae, and small insects. They’re surface feeders, so choose food that floats.
- Feeding amount: Offer an amount they can finish in 3-5 minutes. Leftover food can spoil water quality.
- Seasonal feeding: In summer, feed them twice daily. In cooler seasons like spring and autumn, once daily is sufficient, as they’re less active in lower temperatures.
- Small portions: Medaka do not have stomachs, so feed them in small amounts to avoid waste.
8. Changing the Water
Regular water changes are essential to maintain a healthy environment for Medaka. The frequency depends on the number of fish, tank size, and seasonal changes.
- Guideline: Change about half of the water once a week. In warmer months, when Medaka are more active, more frequent changes might be needed.
- Avoid complete changes: Changing all the water can be stressful. Retaining half the original water maintains stability.
- Signs of poor water quality: If the water is cloudy or has turned reddish-brown, perform a full water change.
9. Common Medaka Diseases and Treatment
Medaka can be prone to a few diseases, including white spot disease, water mold, and tail rot.
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Symptoms:
- White spot disease: White dots appear on the body.
- Water mold: White lines of mold show up on the head, mouth, and fins.
- Tail rot: Fins appear shriveled or melted.
- Treatment: Treat early with fish medicine or a salt bath in a 0.3-0.5% salt solution. Raising the water temperature to around 28°C can help as well.